Retirement Dreams Disappear With 401(k)s

As more and more people have their lives devastated by their diminishing 401(k)s, more and more reports like this 60 Minutes piece will be produced. The havoc that Wall Street has wrought in the name of profit is beyond scandalous and borderline criminal. It's only a matter of time until the current retirement sytsem is radically altered to do what it was initially designed to do....help people save for retirement! Do yourself a favor and watch this 10 minute segment on CBS's website. You could also read the transcript here.

An entire generation's retirement dreams have been wrecked due to their blind faith in the stock market. And why wouldn't they? Brilliant marketing campaigns convinced them equities were the best way to grow their retirement accounts. Then the retirement accounts themselves (IRA's and 401k's) were structured so stocks and mutual funds were the ONLY investments allowed. Starting in the '80s, TRILLIONS of post-pension dollars were pumped into the market via mutual funds and IPO, tech-stock mania. The market responded with the best 15 year run in it's history averaging 17% year-over-year growth. A generation was hooked, line and sinker.

But then the tech bubble emphatically popped losing 35% in early 1999. That was followed 8 years later by last year's 43% clubbing. Will the market recover? Probably, but to what extent?

What if the next generation learns from their parent's and peer's financial decisions and become more savvy to the pitfalls of stock market investing? What if they start building diversified retirement plans that aren't predominantly invested in the market? What if trillions of dollars are permanently moved out of the market and invested in commodities, real estate, cash or other investments? Warren Buffet predicts the growth that happened towards the end of the 20th century was the heyday of Wall Street and the chances of a repeat performance are slim.

I believe our current unregulated, falsely reported, hedged and ponzi schemed system has permanently soiled Wall Street's reputation for an entire generation. I'm sure one on them. Without the mass capital, hidden fees and blind faith necessary to build their financial house of cards, Wall Street will have a tough time reproducing last century's results.

Do yourself a favor NOW and begin building a better retirement portfolio. Don't rely on the stock market to be the sole provider of your retirement dreams. True diversification is possible through self directed retirement accounts that allow you to spread your risk over multiple investment classes. And more importantly, they can prevent your retirement from being wiped out or delayed by an unexpected bear.

Why Real Estate in an IRA?

I stumbled upon this blog entry by a individual that manages "traditional" retirement investments. His posting was fraught with inaccuracies and bad information so I felt compelled to answer. So first, his blog entry which was found here, then my response. Enjoy and please feel free to comment on either entry.

IRA Real Estate –a Bad Idea

Even with the bloom off the rose, investors still have interest in using real estate in IRAs. The interest and use of real estate in IRAs peaked with prices. Even as the real estate market cratered, real estate professionals with sagging commission income pushed IRA real estate (often mistyped or incorrectly searched as IRS real estate) on investors dissatisfied with stock market returns. But IRA real estate is a bad idea for IRA savings. Here are five reaons why real estate is a bad idea for tax sheltered retirement investing.

You lose the depreciation deduction. One of the nice things about owning apartments or rental homes is that the cash flow is partially sheltered from income tax by the depreciation deduction. Since an IRA does not pay current tax, IRA real estate loses the deduction. Why would someone knowingly lose a tax deduction? Because they are likely sold on the idea of real estate in IRAs by a zealous real estate sales person. Or, they may only have liquidity in their IRA and no cash outside their IRA. If you don’t have the cash outside the IRA, then pass on an IRA real estate purchase.

You lose financial leverage. When you purchase real estate outside of an IRA, you can typically put 20% down and borrow the rest. So when the property appreciates 20%, you have doubled your investment–a 100% return on your equity. But an IRA real estate purchase cannot be done with any mortgages as IRAs cannot have debt. So you must make the purchase for all cash. Now, when the property appreciates 20%, you have a 20% return on your money, not 100%. Therefore, you lose the leverage of “other people’s money” when you consummate an IRA real estate purchase.

You turn the best capital gains asset into ordinary income. Because of the leverage explained above, you can have very large capital gains on real estate. Not only do you lose the large capital gain potential because of losing leverage, you have turned a capital gains taxed at reduced rates (15% to 25% on real estate), into ordinary income (rates as high as 35%). There is not such things as capital gains on IRA real estate because everything withdrawn from an IRA is taxed as ordinary income.

If the rental property in your IRA needs a new roof, you must use IRA funds to replace the roof. You cannot use your own funds as then you as an individual are deemed to be in business with your IRA and this is a prohibited transaction which could cause your IRA to become taxable. So you need to always have plenty of cash in your IRA for repairs, insurance payments and property taxes. This means you need to keep funds liquid in 1a 3% money market and sacrifice the potentially higher returns of other investments. Need yet another reason?

Your IRA fees are likely free at your brokerage firm or bank. To hold real estate in IRAs, you need a specialized IRA custodian willing to do this and the fees range from 40 to 150 basis points annually–i.e. hundreds of extra dollars in costs.

And just in case you still want IRA real estate, if you should make a bad deal, your loss will not deductible inside an IRA as it would be as a non-IRA transaction. If you line up 10 people that tell you placing real estate in IRAs is a good deal, you will find 10 people that earn commission by selling real estate. If you want real estate in your IRA, then buy shares of real estate investment trusts or other real estate securities.

1. David Coe Says: Your comment is awaiting moderation.
   December 10th, 2008 at 3:00 pm

   I guess I’ll start off with the fact that I am a real estate professional that specializes in IRA real estate purchases. Why? Because real estate is an EXCELLENT investment to hold within an IRA. Let me give you 5 reasons why.

   1) Create Leverage: Your IRA can absolutely borrow money! National American Savings Bank (www.nasb.com) is one lender that does non-recourse loans to IRA holders. They usually require 30% - 40% down and want to see positive cash flow in any deal, but you can create leverage with an IRA. By the way, you could also borrow money from another IRA holder since lending money is also allowed by law.

   2) Tax Free Cash Flow: A successful real estate investment can provide monthly cash flow to help grow your retirement along with any appreciation earned in the property itself. Since the asset is held within a tax-free environment, there are no taxes to worry about. Any profit withdrawn from the IRA is income based on your tax rate upon withdrawal. And since you’re in retirement, your taxed at a lower tax rate based on the limited income you make. And if you own the asset in a Roth IRA, the monthly cash flow and capital gain are TAX FREE.

   3) Control: Want to improve the value of your investment? Add a new roof. Put in carpet. Do landscaping. Add new fixtures. All of these improvements can increase monthly cash flow and ultimately improve the value of your asset. These costs do get paid out of your IRA, but name another investment class that you can improve with your own free will. If you own mutual funds, CD’s, stocks, you’re along for the ride and your return is completely independent of your effort. Not so with Real Estate.

   4) Inexpensive Custodian Fees. Self Directed IRA custodians get paid based on the size of your account, usually 40 basis points or less. So if you have a $100,000 account, your annual fee is in the $450 range. But that’s it. Other banks and brokerage houses don’t charge you a fee because they make their money from the limited investment products they offer. Own mutual funds? Their fees can include management fees, redemption fees, exchange fees, account fees, purchase fees, distribution fees and operating expenses to name a few. Usually these fees are TWICE as much as what a self-directed custodian will charge.

   5) Diversification. Real estate offers a great way to diversify your portfolio. How many people had ALL of their retirement portfolio in the stock market? Nearly 70%. Use real estate as a way to generate leverage, produce monthly cash-flow and long-term appreciation. But also use it to balance your retirement portfolio, along with other asset classes, so retirement doesn’t get postponed due to a bear or down market.

   I offer that if you find 10 people who advise against real estate in your retirement account you’ll probably find 10 people that LOSE money when their clients shift assets to a self-directed account and out of their control.

It's not the 401(k) that needs fixing

With pension plans becoming extinct, more and more corporate Americans are using 401(k)s as their primary retirement savings vehicle. But the rapid decline in value of these accounts is raising questions about the viability of this system. But is the 401(k) really to blame for this mess or is it the custodians that set them up and manage them?

The 401(k) is rightfully expected to go under the microscope with the new administration and overwhelming popular sentiment that retiring at 65 for most Americans is a pipe dream.
But don't blame the 401(k). The 401(k) is a well structured retirement vehicle that encourages employees to save with tax deferred contributions. It also allows the corporation or small business to contribute to the employee's account and earn tax savings of their own. Someone under 49 years of age can contribute up to $15,500 a year tax free. If you're 50 or older, the maximum is raised to $20,500. When you add whatever corporate match your company provides, these numbers are significant when done over the course of a career. Your 401(k) can provide a significant amount of retirement savings if the contributions are invested wisely. So what's the problem?

The problem is that most 401(k)s are managed by banks and Wall Street custodians that only allow investments from their portfolio of products. Want to own a duplex that produces monthly cash flow and long-term appreciation? Too bad. How about a parcel of land in the path of development? No way. Your neighbor's ice cream shop that has an exciting new business plan? Forget about it. Since the custodian doesn't profit from these types of transactions, they aren't allowed. But are they legal? Absolutely. Do these types of investments allow a better diversification of your retirement account and help protect your nest egg when the stock market declines? Without a doubt. Then why don't more corporations allow them?

When the 401(k) and IRA were first created in 1974, the law required a 3rd party custodian to manage the accounts. Wall Street quickly seized this role and made stock market investments the centerpiece for growing wealth. To date, nearly 85% of all assets owned in 401(k)s and IRAs are invested in stocks and mutual funds according to the Investment Company Institute. And for the first 30 years the stock market produced unusually high gains so no one questioned this model.

In 1974, the Dow Jones closed around 1,000. In 2000, the Dow closed at 11,000. That produced almost a 10% compounded annual growth rate. For the century, the Dow produced a 5.3% growth rate. So for the first 25 years that the 401(k) was in effect, the market was delivering a return that was TWICE it's normal rate. Everyone was making money, so no one questioned the system. Since 2000, the Dow has been losing money at -3.6% every year. Naturally, questions are arising and Wall Street is digging in its heels.

I argue that it's not the 401(k) that needs to be fixed but the current system that perpetuates this over-investment in the stock-market. We need to wrestle away the control of our retirement accounts and start exploring a greater range of investment options. If you're not sure what to invest in, get professional guidance through a FEE-based certified financial planner that makes their living on growing your account, not by selling you a specific set of investments products. And being a real estate guy, I encourage you to explore real estate. Eight out of ten millionaires made their fortunes through real estate. It's a proven long term asset that when invested properly can substantially grow your retirement account.

Should more Americans save more money? Absolutely. And maybe if more investment options beyond the stock market were available, they would.